Introduction to R

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## Workshop: Dealing with Data in R
# Getting started with R
## Back to Basics

.footnote[Steffi LaZerte <https://steffilazerte.ca> | *Compiled: 2022-01-28*]

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# Online workshops can be challenging

- **Consider keeping your video on** .small[(if possible)]
  - We're here together!
  - Kids? Pets? Spouses? No problem
  - But ultimately, you need be comfortable! .small[(and you absolutely have the right to privacy at home)]

- **Interrupt me!**
  - Generally keep yourself muted but un-mute anytime to ask questions

- **Ask Questions!**
  - Group trouble-shooting is really valuable
  - If you have a problem, others may also (or may have it in the future)
  
- **Screen-sharing**
  - I may ask you to share your screen with the group .small[(feel free to decline)]
  - For privacy, close your email etc. Or just share your RStudio window

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# **This is me!**

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![:img left: -20px, bottom: -70px, 52%](figures/steffi_and_nami.jpg)
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# **These are my creatures**

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# **This is my garden**

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# **This is my work***

![:img right:38%, bottom: 48%, 15%](https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/916280?s=200&v=4)

![:img right:10%, bottom: 51%, 20%](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Rural_Hours_-_Red-Headed_Woodpecker.jpg)

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![:img left: 42%, bottom: 15%, 15%](https://rstudio-education.github.io/shiny-course/images/shiny.png)

![:img left:10%, bottom: 30%, 15%](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ropensci/weathercan/master/inst/assets/weathercan_logo.png)

![:img left:20%, bottom: 10%, 25%](https://motus.org/images/motus-logo.png)

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![:img right:24%, bottom: 23%, 15%](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rstudio/rmarkdown/main/man/figures/logo.png)

![:img right:29%, bottom: 10%, 15%](https://birdscanada.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/BirdsCanada-logo-en.png)

![:img right:29%, bottom: 73%, 25%](figures/logo_agri-food.png)

.footnote[.small[(* On, with, and for)]]

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# Introductions

## Dr. Steffi LaZerte

- Background in Biology (Animal Behaviour)
- Working with R since 2007
- Professional R programmer/consultant since 2017
- Fourth year giving BU R Workshop!
- [rOpenSci](https://ropensci.org) Community Assistant

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# Introductions

## Dr. Alex Koiter

### Backup helper today

- Physical Geographer
- Working with R since 2010
- Assistant Professor in Geography and   
  Environment, Brandon University

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# What about you?

- Name
- Creatures? (share on camera!)
- Background (Role, Area of study, etc.)
- Familiarity with R or Programming
- Something you're proud of!

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# About this Workshop

## Format
- I will provide you tools and workflow to get started with R
- We'll have hands-on, lecture, and demonstrations

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## R is hard: But have no fear!
- Don't expect to remember everything!
- Copy/Paste is your friend (never apologize for using it!)
- Consider this workshop a resource to return to

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# About this Workshop

## Format
- I will provide you tools and workflow to get started with R
- We'll have hands-on, lecture, and demonstrations

.spacer[]

## R is hard: But have no fear!
- **Don't expect to remember everything!**
- Copy/Paste is your friend (never apologize for using it!)
- Consider this workshop a resource to return to

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# Impost**R** Syndrome

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# Impost**R** Syndrome

![:img left: 25px, bottom: 175px, 60%, , David Whittaker](figures/imposter.jpg)

![:box 50%, 80%, 75%](Moral of the story? Make friends, code in groups, learn together and don't beat yourself up)

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.footnote[Artwork by [@allison_horst](https://github.com/allisonhorst/stats-illustrations)]

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# All about R

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# Why R?

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## R is hard

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## But R is powerful (and reproducible)!

.footnote[(I made these slides with **R**markdown)]

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## R is also beautiful

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## R is affordable (i.e., free!)

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# What is R?

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# R is Programming language

> A programming **language** is a way to give instructions in order to get a computer to do something

- You need to know the language (i.e., the code)
- Computers don't know what you mean, only what you type (unfortunately)
- Spelling, punctuation, and capitalization all matter!

## For example

**R, what is 56 times 5.8?**

```r
56 * 5.8
```

```
## [1] 324.8
```

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# Use code to tell R what to do

**R, what is the average of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4?**

```r
mean(c(1, 2, 3, 4))
```

```
## [1] 2.5
```

**R, save this value for later**

```r
steffis_mean <- mean(c(1, 2, 3, 4))
```

**R, multiply this value by 6**

```r
steffis_mean * 6
```

```
## [1] 15
```

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# Code, Output, Scripts

.columnl[
## Code
- The actual commands

## Output
- The result of running code or a script

## Script
- A text file full of code that you want to run
- You should always keep your code in a script
]

.columnr[

## For example:

```r
mean(c(1, 2, 3, 4))
```

```
## [1] 2.5
```
]

![:here right: 100px, top: 200px](Code)
![:here right: 100px, top: 250px](Output)

![:here right: 100px, top: 310px](Script)

![:img right: 200px, bottom: 5px, 30%, ,](figures/script.png)

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# RStudio vs. R

![:img left: 15%, top: 125px, 300px, , RStudio](figures/RStudio-Ball.png)
![:img right: 15%, top: 125px, 400px, , R](figures/R.png)

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- **RStudio** is not **R**
- RStudio is a User Interface or IDE (integrated development environment)
    - (i.e., Makes coding simpler)
- But sometimes tries to be **too** helpful

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# RStudio Features

## Changing Options: Tools > Global Options

- General > Restore RData into workspace at startup (NO!)
- General > Save workspace to on exit (NEVER!)
- Code > Insert matching parens/quotes (Personal preference)

## Projects
- Handles working directories
- Organizes your work

## Packages
- Can use the package manager to install packages
- Can use the manager to load them as well, but not recommended

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# Let's take a look at RStudio

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# Your first *real* code!

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# First Code

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'># First load the packages library(tidyverse) library(palmerpenguins) # Now create the figure ggplot(data = penguins, aes(x = body_mass_g, y = flipper_length_mm, colour = species)) + &nbsp;&nbsp;geom_point()</code>

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- Copy/paste or type this into the script window in RStudio
  - You may have to go to File > New File > R Script
- Click anywhere on the first line of code
- Use the 'Run' button to run this code, **or** use the short-cut `Ctrl-Enter`
    - Repeat until all the code has run

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# First Code

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```